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InterpretationUnknown — conflicting evidence

Moderate alcohol consumption provides a net cardioprotective effect compared to abstention

Weak-link patterns

Brief §8's named failure modes, computed from this claim's own paper roles and status -- not a single weakness score. Patterns B and E aren't implemented yet (need dependency-graph machinery, docs/BASIC_ROADMAP.md Phase 11).

C: Conflicting evidence

stored status is 'unknown_conflicting'

F: Influential paper, later repeatedly contradicted

flagship 'Association of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis' (1625 citations) vs 3 contradicting row(s) of 4 total (needs >=3 contradicting)

Open questions

Pattern G. Human-written, never generated -- deliberately no importance or priority score (docs/BASIC_ROADMAP.md's own precedent against inventing one, matching innovation_considerations).

Does the apparent cardioprotective effect of moderate alcohol consumption survive Mendelian-randomization-quality causal designs, or is it explained by the "sick quitter" confound in the original observational studies?

Motivated by: Pattern C (conflicting evidence) and Pattern F (highly-cited original, 3 later contradicting studies)

Evidence map

Position shows direction, circle area shows citation count. Click a paper for the reason its role was assigned.

INTERPRETATIONCLAIMUnknown — conflicting…Original Association of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1,625 citationsRonksley 20111,625 citesConceptual replication — failure Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data 685 citationsHolmes 2014685 citesConceptual replication — failure Conventional and genetic evidence on alcohol and vascular disease aetiology: a prospective study of 500 000 men and women in China 525 citationsMillwood 2019525 citesConceptual replication — failure Moderate Alcohol Use and Reduced Mortality Risk: Systematic Error in Prospective Studies and New Hypotheses 406 citationsFillmore 2007406 cites
SupportsDisconfirmsSynthesisCircle area ∝ citation count

Evidence dimensions

Eight independent 0–5 judgments, each with a written rationale. Deliberately never summed into one score.

Evidence strength

Real evidence on both sides, but the methodologically stronger portion argues against a causal protective effect.

Replication (any kind)

Enormous literature - decades of cohort studies plus multiple large genetic studies.

Independent replication

No qualifying same-paradigm independent replication exists in this set; this low score is itself the pilot's main finding.

Methodological triangulationscored retroactively

Three materially different designs (bias-corrected cohort reanalysis; two independent Mendelian-randomization studies in different populations), all testing the same causal claim.

Methodological quality

Mixed: the supportive literature is largely observational and confound-vulnerable; the disconfirming studies were designed to correct those confounds.

Predictive success

The implied mechanism has not held up under genetically-instrumented testing designed to isolate it.

Consensus

Genuinely shifting - authoritative guidance has moved away from moderate drinking as protective.

Alternative explanations ruled out

Sick-quitter/abstainer misclassification and healthy-drinker confounding are increasingly favored explanations.

Scored by human.

Why this status

The derivation rule, evaluated top to bottom, first match wins. This is the rule itself — not a confidence score standing in for one.

  1. 1
    Unknown — unexplored

    4 paper rows (needs <3) and evidence_strength=2 (needs <=1); both required

  2. 2
    Unknown — conflicting evidencematched

    (a) 0 failure vs 0 success rows -> no; (b) 0 review rows — opposite-verdict test is a human judgment, not a count; (c) 3 conceptual failure vs 0 conceptual success, 1 original -> fires (disconfirming majority)

  3. 3
    Unknown — underdeterminednot reached

    alternative_explanations=1 (needs <=1) AND evidence_strength=2 (needs >=3)

  4. 4
    Establishednot reached

    independent_replication=1 (>=4), evidence_strength=2 (>=4), consensus=2 (>=4)

  5. 5
    Strong, domain-limitednot reached

    evidence_strength=2 (>=4) AND independent_replication=1 (>=3), plus a written scope limit (human judgment)

  6. 6
    Active consensus, incompletenot reached

    consensus=2 (>=4) AND (methodological_quality=3 <=3 OR alternative_explanations=1 <=2)

  7. 7
    Plausible, under active investigationnot reached

    independent_replication=1 (needs ==2) AND evidence_strength=2 (needs 2-3), plus recent activity (human judgment)

  8. 8
    Speculativenot reached

    3/4 rows are empirical (needs 0) AND evidence_strength=2 (needs <=1)

  9. 9
    Preliminarymatchednot reached

    4 non-theoretical row(s) exist AND independent_replication=1 (needs <=1)

Recorded rationale

v3 rule 2, clause (c): three conceptual_replication_failure rows plus an original row. Under v2 this derived 'preliminary' and required a manual override; v3 reaches unknown_conflicting from the rule itself. Naive citation-only guess was 'established'. Pilot 2 (gap-discovery, no answer key).